矿岩粉碎全过程能耗-粒度关系的连续损伤理论研究SCIEI

本文从连续损伤理论的观点出发,将矿岩粉碎过程描述为在外部荷载作用下矿岩颗粒内部微缺陷(损伤)演化和繁衍的过程。导出了粉碎能耗与产品粒度分布的理论表达式。该式包含了所有传统的理论,同时较传统的能量分配观点前进了一步。     

基于电容电流的谐波电压在线监测系统研制

我国变电站内的谐波电压监测数据大多取自电容式电压互感器（CVT）的测量结果,受CVT本身工频谐振设计的影响,谐波电压测量数据存在较大畸变。在国家电网公司推广建设电能质量监测平台背景下,针对国内市场上测量准确且简便易行的CVT谐波电压在线监测装置的空白,研制一套基于电容电流法的CVT谐波电压在线监测系统,纠正现场普遍存在的CVT谐波电压测量结果畸变;同时,通过对不同谐波电压测量方法的分析和试验对比,为在不同现场选取适合的谐波电压测量方法提供参考依据。该系统施工量小、准确度高、适用面广,具有良好的工程应用价值。     

OsMre11 Is Required for Mitosis during Rice Growth and Development

Meiotic recombination 11 (Mre11) is a relatively conserved nuclease in various species. Mre11 plays important roles in meiosis and DNA damage repair in yeast, humans and Arabidopsis, but little research has been done on mitotic DNA replication and repair in rice. Here, it was found that Mre11 was an extensively expressed gene among the various tissues and organs of rice, and loss-of-function of Mre11 resulted in severe defects of vegetative and reproductive growth, including dwarf plants, abnormally developed male and female gametes, and completely abortive seeds. The decreased number of cells in the apical meristem and the appearance of chromosomal fragments and bridges during the mitotic cell cycle in rice mre11 mutant roots revealed an essential role of OsMre11. Further research showed that DNA replication was suppressed, and a large number of DNA strand breaks occurred during the mitotic cell cycle of rice mre11 mutants. The expression of OsMre11 was up-regulated with the treatment of hydroxyurea and methyl methanesulfonate. Moreover, OsMre11 could form a complex with OsRad50 and OsNbs1, and they might function together in non-homologous end joining and homologous recombination repair pathways. These results indicated that OsMre11 plays vital roles in DNA replication and damage repair of the mitotic cell cycle, which ensure the development and fertility of rice by maintaining genome stability.     

Differential Action of Connexin Hemichannel and Pannexin Channel Therapeutics for Potential Treatment of Retinal Diseases

Dysregulation of retinal function in the early stages of light-induced retinal degeneration involves pannexins and connexins. These two types of proteins may contribute to channels that release ATP, leading to activation of the inflammasome pathway, spread of inflammation and retinal dysfunction. However, the effect of pannexin channel block alone or block of both pannexin channels and connexin hemichannels in parallel on retinal activity in vivo is unknown. In this study, the pannexin channel blocker probenecid and the connexin hemichannel blocker tonabersat were used in the light-damaged rat retina. Retinal function was evaluated using electroretinography (ERG), retinal structure was analyzed using optical coherence tomography (OCT) imaging and the tissue response to light-induced injury was assessed immunohistochemically with antibodies against glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), Ionized calcium binding adaptor molecule 1 (Iba-1) and Connexin43 (Cx43). Probenecid did not further enhance the therapeutic effect of connexin hemichannel block in this model, but on its own improved activity of certain inner retina neurons. The therapeutic benefit of blocking connexin hemichannels was further evaluated by comparing these data against results from our previously published studies that also used the light-damaged rat retina model. The analysis showed that treatment with tonabersat alone was better than probenecid alone at restoring retinal function in the light-damaged retina model. The results assist in the interpretation of the differential action of connexin hemichannel and pannexin channel therapeutics for potential treatment of retinal diseases.     

基于GM(1,1)的应力损伤轻骨料混凝土抗冻性评估

对灾变后轻骨料混凝土抗冻融性能评估的关键在于对其在特定灾变程度下抗冻融性能的精确定量描述及预测。通过反复加载对轻骨料混凝土预加初始应力损伤来模拟灾变,以相对动弹性模量为评价指标,研究初始损伤度分别为0、0.05、0.12、0.19、0.27的轻骨料混凝土抗冻融性能;将灰色系统理论引入混凝土抗冻耐久性研究中,利用相对动弹性模量实测数据建立基于GM(1,1)的应力损伤轻骨料混凝土抗冻融性能预测模型,与修正的Loland混凝土损伤模型对比并进行精度分析;借助建立的GM(1,1)预测模型定量研究初始应力损伤对轻骨料混凝土抗冻耐久性的影响并预测其抗冻耐久寿命。结果表明：初始应力损伤会加速轻骨料混凝土抗冻融性能劣化,且初始损伤度越大劣化速率越快;各初始损伤度下GM(1,1)模型的平均相对误差均小于4.5%,GM(1,1)模型的预测精度整体上优于修正Loland模型;轻骨料混凝土自身具有良好的抗冻融性能,在内蒙古中西部地区抗冻耐久寿命可达45年,当初始损伤度为0.05、0.12、0.19、0.27时,抗冻耐久寿命分别缩短至30年、25年、17.5年、10年。基于GM(1,1)的应力损伤轻骨料混凝土抗冻融性能预测模型可实现对灾变后轻骨料混凝土全寿命周期内抗冻融性能较为精确的定量评估,为指导北方寒旱区轻骨料混凝土工程实践提供理论依据。     

基于ETA模型的配筋措施对于高拱坝变形损伤指标的影响

混凝土拱坝在不同强度超载地震作用下的动力响应,对拱坝抗震裕度评估有着深远的影响,如何评价配筋措施的效果成为一个重要问题。基于耐震时程分析（ETA）法,研究了不同地震强度下,高拱坝是否采用配筋抗震措施对于坝体损伤变形指标的影响。首先对ETA方法、坝体材料本构、横缝模型以及地震动输入方法进行了介绍。然后分别建立了高拱坝采用配筋抗震措施和未采用配筋抗震措施拱坝的数值模型,同时基于ETA方法生成不同地震强度的耐震时程。分析在不同地震强度下,高拱坝是否采用配筋抗震措施的损伤分布、横缝开度以及变形等响应,提出了高拱坝损伤体积比、平均横缝开度以及拱冠梁变形等坝体损伤变形指标。通过对比高拱坝配筋和未配筋的情况下得出的动力响应指标,研究配筋措施对高拱坝响应以及损伤变形指标趋势、相关性以及离散性的影响。计算结果表明:在不同的地震动强度条件下,配筋措施对减小高拱坝的整体损伤是有效的,对横缝开度及位移影响有限,配筋措施可以减小地震随机性导致的损伤变形指标离散。同时,归一化的损伤变形指标表明损伤变形指标有一定的相关性。     

A damage model for assessing pipeline safety in corrosion environments

Considering such practical pipeline service conditions in the petroleum transportation field as corrosion from harmful media (H₂S, CO₂ etc.) and load from the pressure of flowing petroleum as key factors, the degradation of the mechanical properties of pipeline steels and the corresponding variations in stress states are studied. A damage variable is introduced to reflect the degradation in the mechanical properties of the pipeline due to corrosion. A diluted solution approach is proposed to model the corrosion process of harmful media within the pipeline and the distribution of the damage variable along the radial direction of the pipeline is derived. An approach to the safety evaluation of damaged pipeline is proposed by comparing the instant properties of pipeline steels with servicing conditions.     

长期高温服役的12%Cr耐热合金钢性能退化与恢复

X2 0CrMoV12 1耐热合金钢广泛应用于热电厂主蒸汽管线等主要部件。经长期高温负荷运行后 ,材料性能明显退化。观察显微组织发现 ,材料性能下降是和晶界碳化物的粗化密切相关的。文章着重研究了损伤材料重新热处理后的性能和组织结构的变化 ,初步探讨了材料长期服役后通过热处理恢复其原始性能的可能性     

金属板材成形中拉深损伤模拟的两种求解方法

讨论用数值模拟预测板材成形中发生拉深损伤破坏的两种不同的求解方法。第一种是采用完全耦合的弹塑性破坯模型的动力显式数值方法。基于状态参量的不可逆热力学过程 ,完全耦合的本构方程考虑各向同性强化和拉深。这些已引入有限元软件ABAQUS/E用于对金属成形的模拟。在数值技术方面 ,隐式积分方法被用来对本构方程的局部时间积分 ,动力显式技术用于求解总体平衡方程。第二种方案是采用简化的损伤模型的方法 ,被称为逆法 (InveseApprch)。I.A被限定在考虑各向同性强化和损伤的塑性全量理论基础上的简单的本构关系。做比例加载和临界损伤达到以后的损伤饱和假定 ,可以得到损伤演化方程的封闭解。这两种损伤模型在编程中的实施采用两种方式 :计算中考虑或不考虑损伤作用 ,也就是耦合的或非耦合的计算。文中给出一些算例来说明每种损伤模型的优点     

高水头泄水建筑物侧墙掺气减蚀特性研究

工程中通常采用强迫掺气减蚀措施,防止泄水建筑物在高速水流作用下发生空蚀破坏,但在保护过流面底板的同时,忽视了对其侧墙的保护。为了减免位于高流速区域和低压区域侧墙发生空化空蚀,消除侧墙清水区,采用理论分析和物理模型试验研究方法,对龙抬头明流泄洪洞下游边墙掺气减蚀进行了研究,提出了在反弧末端加折流器（突扩）和突跌掺气方式。结果表明,采用突扩和突跌的掺气方式后,侧墙水流的出射角增大,侧空腔畅通,并直接和底空腔相连,有助于掺气坎后水舌的全断面的掺气,对侧墙和底板皆起到了很好的保护作用。